Arizona State University (ASU) BIO345 Evolution Exam 1 Practice

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• How does environmental change influence the process of evolution?
• In evolutionary terms, what does "directional selection" aim to favor?
• What can lead to deleterious mutations?
• How does interbreeding between black and white mice affect allelic diversity in an environment favoring white mice?
• What is the effect of invasive species on native ecosystems?
• What is coevolution?
• Which mechanism is the main source of new genetic variation within a population?
• How does comparative anatomy support the theory of evolution?
• Which of the following statements about evolutionary relationships between SARS viruses is correct?
• What is the process of speciation?
• Which statement about migration and natural selection is TRUE?
• What does it typically mean when selection is described as "strong"?
• What is an evolutionary arms race?
• A beneficial allele is introduced into a bird subpopulation but fails to increase in frequency. What is likely preventing this increase?
• What can be said about the interaction between gene flow and selection for a population?
• Gene swamping is most likely to occur when:
• Which statement regarding mutation rates and evolution is true?
• What is the expected percentage of heterozygous individuals under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium when the frequency of allele A is 0.10 and allele a is 0.38?
• What is a potential outcome of disruptive selection?
• What occurs to allele frequencies in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium over time?
• What do fitness landscapes visualize in the context of evolution?
• Which evolutionary process represents the movement of alleles between populations?
• Based on evolutionary traits, which species is identified as a hairless mammal with eyesight?
• In a population of squirrels, if 64% exhibit a bushy tail, what is the frequency of the dominant allele for bushy tails?
• In a bat population where 38% are recessive homozygotes, how many will have faint yellow spots?
• How does genetic drift affect allele frequencies in small populations?
• Which of the following is most closely associated with speciation?
• In what way does extinction contribute to evolutionary processes?
• What would increase the rate of evolution in a population?
• If the traits of a certain species vary dramatically based on location, which type of genetic drift is being observed?
• Which forces typically increase the genetic diversity of a population?
• How does natural selection contribute to the process of evolution?
• Which of the following are key evolutionary mechanisms influenced by mutation rates?
• Which of the following scenarios represents genetic drift?
• What is a major factor influencing the persistence of allele G in a population?
• After 100 generations, what will the FST value likely be for toad populations separated by a highway?
• Which of the following is NOT a condition for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)?
• In a population of 100 individuals in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with p=0.7, what is the expected frequency of homozygous recessive individuals?
• What is sexual selection?
• What does disruptive selection favor in a population?
• Which of the following insertions or deletions would result in a frameshift mutation?
• What characterizes a population experiencing a bottleneck effect?
• What defines a selection coefficient in terms of evolutionary biology?
• Which of the following best describes the importance of niche differentiation?
• Which of the following genetic phenomena leads to increased frequency of rare alleles?
• How would you best describe the process of disruptive selection?
• How does polygenic inheritance contribute to evolution?
• What is most likely to happen to a new advantageous allele in a small population subject to both selection and genetic drift?
• Why is gene flow important in evolutionary biology?
• Which of the following is a primary source of genetic variation in populations?
• What will happen to FST when populations are separated with no migration or selection?
• In the context of sexual selection, what does the term 'good genes mechanism' refer to?
• What does stabilizing selection entail?
• What might an increase in genetic diversity within a population lead to?
• Why is biodiversity important in ecosystems?
• Which of the following is an example of uniformitarianism in evolutionary biology?
• Homologous structures are characterized by what key feature?
• After many generations of strong directional selection in a rabbit population, which outcome is likely?
• Which of the following regarding transitional fossils is true?
• What characterizes allopatric speciation?
• What type of selection is expected on the sickle-cell gene in the U.S. where malaria is rare?
• What does the term fitness refer to in evolutionary biology?
• What effect does genetic drift typically have on small populations?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five forces of evolution?
• What is the expression of allele G in individuals affected by the genetic disease X.367G?
• In directional selection, what happens to the size of a fish species when a new predator is introduced?
• What do molecular clocks help scientists estimate?
• What is the role of genetic drift in evolving populations?
• What is a common method to estimate evolutionary divergence?
• Why are transitional fossils significant in the study of evolution?
• In cases of gene swamping, how might a population's adaptive capabilities be affected?
• Which of the following is not a factor in sexual selection among fiddler crabs?
• How can higher mutation rates affect evolutionary change?
• Which type of allele leads to wet earwax in humans?
• When does local adaptation occur in relation to environmental pressures?
• Which selection type commonly works against average phenotypes in a population?
• What does the term "stabilizing selection" refer to in evolutionary biology?
• What is genetic drift in the context of population genetics?
• What is the expected effect on variation from a founder effect occurring in a small population of birds?
• Which evolutionary mechanism is most likely to introduce new alleles into a population?
• What does a frameshift mutation result from?
• How does disruptive selection influence the population variance?
• Which type of natural selection acts against extreme phenotypes?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five conditions necessary for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
• Which type of selection reduces phenotypic variance by favoring individuals near the population's mean?
• Which concept explains that the simplest explanation among competing hypotheses is usually the most likely?
• What evolutionary concept does the expression "survival of the fittest" primarily refer to?
• Sympatric speciation is characterized by which of the following?
• In what manner can molecular phylogenetics clarify evolutionary histories?
• How many yeast cells should be sent from each bakery to maintain genetic similarity among yeast populations?
• Which type of selection is exemplified by the success of both the dullest and brightest male lazuli buntings?
• What process promotes speciation by allowing species to adapt to different resources?
• What concept does punctuated equilibrium propose?
• In which situation will gene swamping prevent local adaptation?
• What is the relative fitness of a neutral allele typically considered to be?
• What is the primary outcome of ecological speciation?
• What effect does gene flow have on neighboring populations?
• What does the study of macroevolution primarily encompass?
• Which term describes the transfer of genetic material between populations?
• What would most likely cause a decrease in Fst from 1 to 0 in two neighboring populations?
• Which of the following scenarios is likely to promote local adaptation?
• In regards to allele fixation, what does fixation imply?
• Which of the following statements about evolution is TRUE?
• How does the environment influence evolutionary pressures?
• What is adaptive radiation?
• What is the effect of strong selection combined with low migration on a population?
• What does the presence of homologous structures suggest about different species?
• Which of the following best characterizes allopatric speciation?
• What does comparative anatomy study?
• What is the primary outcome of strong stabilizing selection?
• What does the fossil record primarily provide evidence for?
• In evolution, what does the term "reproductively isolated" imply?
• How does climate change influence evolutionary adaptations?
• What effect does gene flow generally have on populations?
• After a drought on Daphne Major Island, which beak characteristic likely led to higher survival rates among Darwin's finches?
• A large value of Fst indicates what about genetic flow?
• Which type of mutation results in the production of shorter and typically nonfunctional proteins?
• What are the criteria for natural selection?
• Which of the following traits would likely be an example of sexual selection?
• What does a deleterious mutation do to an organism?
• What is the total impact of mutations on an organism's fitness, as classified in genetics?
• Under what condition would local adaptation most likely occur?
• To evaluate if beetle color is subject to natural selection, which experiment would best assess survival rates?
• Which of the following describes the concept of selection in evolutionary terms?
• If a disease eliminates all heterozygous individuals in a Hardy-Weinberg population, how long will it take to return to equilibrium?
• How do macroevolutionary patterns differ from microevolutionary processes?
• Which of the following is NOT considered an example of adaptation?
• What role does gene flow play in local adaptation according to evolutionary principles?
• What defines a derived character in evolutionary biology?
• If a mutation introduces a stop codon into a nucleotide sequence, what type of mutation is this?
• What is one negative consequence of increased mutation rates?
• How does embryonic development relate to evolutionary theory?
• What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle assume about populations?
• If a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what does that imply about its allele frequencies?
• How does sexual dimorphism commonly arise in a species?
• How do random genetic drift and mutation function as opposing evolutionary forces?
• What is microevolution?
• In a large population, what is the likelihood of allele G going extinct given it has a fatality rate of 83% in homozygous individuals?
• In the context of genetic drift, what does the term "Founders Effect" refer to?
• What aspect does disruptive selection enhance within the population?
• What are adaptive traits in relation to evolution?
• What role does sexual selection play in evolution?
• What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle illustrate regarding allele frequencies?
• Based on a sample of Swedes, what is the allele frequency of the 'w' allele in the earwax gene?
• What is the correct formula for gene flow?
• What does molecular phylogenetics utilize to infer evolutionary relationships?
• What is an example of convergent evolution?
• Which of the following statements describes a likely outcome of a bottleneck event?
• In evolutionary terms, what does "fitness" refer to?
• What primarily affects a population after a significant founder event?
• How does genetic drift typically affect small populations?
• What are vestigial structures indicative of in evolutionary biology?
• Which type of mutation is most likely to be neutral?
• Which evolutionary mechanism is most likely to cause a new allele to become fixed in a population?
• What is the role of horizontal gene transfer in evolution?
• What does the term "bottleneck effect" refer to in evolutionary biology?
• What strategy could a brewer use to favor genetic drift over natural selection in their Kombucha culture?
• What does evolution primarily refer to in biological contexts?
• How can migration influence genetic diversity?
• If an adaptive trait is controlled by several gene loci, what can be inferred about its variability?
• What is the adaptive significance of mimicry in evolution?
• What do phylogenetic trees illustrate?
• What role do mutations play in evolution?
• How can human activity impact evolutionary processes?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a primary mechanism of evolution?
• What trait would NOT significantly influence the rate of evolution in a population?
• Which process would most likely lead to an increase in adaptation within a population?
• What is an example of allopatric speciation?
• Which evolutionary force tends to increase genetic diversity within a population?
• Which type of sexual selection involves males competing for territory using their claws?
• What is the implication of gene loci controlling an adaptive trait?
• In terms of phenotype distribution, what does disruptive selection lead to?