What role does genetic diversity play in evolutionary processes?

Genetic diversity is a fundamental component of evolutionary processes because it increases the variety of traits within a population, which is crucial for adaptation to changing environments. When environmental conditions shift—whether due to climate change, new predators, or disease—populations with higher genetic diversity have a greater pool of traits to draw from. This diversity can lead to individuals possessing advantageous traits that enhance survival and reproduction in the new conditions.

In essence, populations with more genetic variations are more likely to contain individuals that can cope with new challenges, facilitating faster adaptation compared to populations with low genetic diversity. This ability to adjust quickly can be vital for the survival of a species in a rapidly changing environment, making genetic diversity a key driver of evolutionary success.