True or False: If males compete for females and females select mates, then males are expected to be brightly colored.

Males competing for females and females selecting mates typically leads to the evolution of distinct traits based on sexual selection. In many species, this means that males may develop bright colors or elaborate features to attract mates. However, the statement suggests a mandatory correlation between competition, selection, and coloration, which is not universally true.

In some cases, optimal coloration may not be the brightest but rather depend on environmental factors, camouflage, or other adaptive strategies. Additionally, certain species exhibit traits where males might have more subdued colors, especially in environments where visibility can attract predators. The evolutionary pressures can vary widely depending on the ecological context and the specific mating strategies of the species involved. Therefore, it is not always the case that males are expected to be brightly colored in such mating systems.