Why is gene flow important in evolutionary biology?

Gene flow is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology because it refers to the transfer of genetic material between populations through various mechanisms, such as migration and interbreeding. When individuals from one population migrate to another and interbreed, they introduce new alleles (gene variants) into the gene pool of the receiving population. This exchange of genetic material can increase genetic diversity, which is crucial for the adaptability and resilience of a population in the face of changing environmental conditions.

Increased genetic diversity generated through gene flow enhances the potential for natural selection to act upon a wider range of traits, thus promoting evolutionary change. It can also help populations resist diseases and adapt to shifting environments, making gene flow a vital process in maintaining the health and survival of populations over time. Overall, the introduction of new genetic material through gene flow can be advantageous and plays a significant role in the evolutionary dynamics of species.