What role does sexual selection play in evolution?

Sexual selection plays a pivotal role in evolution primarily by driving differences in traits based on mate preferences. This concept is central to the process of evolution because it can lead to the development of secondary sexual characteristics that may not necessarily enhance survival but significantly increase reproductive success. For example, traits such as elaborate plumage in peacocks or large antlers in deer can attract mates despite potentially making these individuals more vulnerable to predators.

By influencing the selection of mates, sexual selection helps shape the genetic landscape of populations, leading to the propagation of traits that are favored by individuals of the opposite sex. This preference can result in pronounced differences between males and females (sexual dimorphism) and can also result in the emergence of entirely new species over time as preferences and traits diverge. Thus, sexual selection is a powerful mechanism that contributes to the diversity of life by affecting reproductive strategies and success, ultimately driving evolutionary change.