What might an increase in genetic diversity within a population lead to?

An increase in genetic diversity within a population enhances adaptability, which is crucial for survival in changing environments. Higher genetic diversity means that there is a broader range of traits and alleles present in the population. This variety increases the likelihood that some individuals will possess traits that allow them to thrive under new environmental conditions or resist diseases.

For example, if a disease strikes, a genetically diverse population may include individuals with different immune responses, some of which may be effective against the disease. This not only helps in the immediate survival of the population but also ensures that the species can continue to evolve over generations, adapting to new challenges as they arise. Enhanced adaptability through genetic diversity is a fundamental principle in evolutionary biology, as it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon, promoting long-term survival and resilience of the population.