If the traits of a certain species vary dramatically based on location, which type of genetic drift is being observed?

The founder effect is a specific type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals from a larger population establishes a new population, often in a different geographical location. When this small group colonizes a new area, they carry with them only a fraction of the genetic diversity present in the original population. As a result, the new population may exhibit traits that differ significantly from the original population due to the limited genetic variation available.

This can lead to dramatic variations in traits based on location. For example, if a few individuals escape an original population and settle in a new environment, the traits that become common in this new population will depend heavily on the genetic makeup of the founders. Therefore, if traits vary dramatically based on the new location, it is indicative of the founder effect, as the limited genetic diversity and unique environmental pressures in the new location shape the traits of the population.